Acacia fibre is obtained from the hardened sap of selected Acacia trees, traditionally gathered across the Sahel region of Africa. Its distinctive composition is dominated by soluble arabinogalactan polysaccharides, giving it a uniquely refined fibre identity.

Açaí berries grow on tall palms native to the Amazon basin and are recognised by their deep purple-black appearance. Their distinctive botanical profile includes anthocyanins and other polyphenolic compounds, giving açaí its unmistakable dark-berry identity.

Acerola, sometimes called Barbados cherry, is a small vivid-red tropical fruit with an unusually notable natural vitamin C character. Alongside ascorbic acid, the fruit contains naturally occurring polyphenols and carotenoid pigments.

Acetyl L-Carnitine is a modified form of L-carnitine carrying an acetyl group within its molecular structure. Carnitine is closely connected with fatty-acid transport into mitochondria, giving this acetylated form a clear place in modern cellular-energy formulation.

Amylase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down starches into smaller carbohydrate units during digestion. Its activity is measured in DU, or Dextrinising Units — reflecting its ability to act on starch-based substrates.

Anthocyanins are deeply coloured plant polyphenols found across violet roots and dark berries. 4VIA brings together anthocyanins from purple sweet potato, blueberry and black carrot in a defined 80 mg complex — a measured expression of its dark botanical architecture.

Apple fibre captures the naturally fibrous structure of the fruit, including pectin alongside insoluble plant fibre components. Its identity reflects the part of the apple that gives the fruit its natural body, texture and structural character.

Artichoke, or Cynara scolymus, is recognised by its architectural flower head, while its leaves hold a distinct botanical profile. Artichoke leaf is characterised by compounds including cynarin and chlorogenic acid, together with naturally occurring flavonoids.

Ashwagandha, or Withania somnifera, is a root botanical with a long history in traditional Ayurvedic practice. Its modern extract identity is closely associated with withanolides — naturally occurring steroidal lactones characteristic of the plant.

Astaxanthin is a red carotenoid pigment naturally produced by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis under environmental stress. Its intense colour and highly distinctive molecular structure make it one of the most recognisable carotenoids in advanced formulation science.

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming bacterial species, able to remain in a naturally protected dormant state before becoming active under suitable conditions. Its resilient biology makes it a distinctive component of a modern multi-culture formulation.

Bacillus subtilis is one of the most extensively characterised bacterial species in microbiology. Its natural ability to form protective spores gives it a robust and technically distinct place within the live culture blend.

Bacopa monnieri is a creeping aquatic plant with a long heritage in Ayurvedic botanical practice. Its extract identity is closely associated with bacosides — characteristic triterpenoid saponins found within the plant.

Barley grass is harvested from the young green leaves of the barley plant before grain formation. Its fresh leaf structure is characterised by chlorophyll, carotenoids and naturally occurring plant polyphenols, captured at an early stage of growth.

Beetroot is one of nature’s most visually distinctive roots, with its intense ruby colour shaped by betalains rather than anthocyanins. These characteristic pigments, including betacyanins, give beetroot its unmistakable red-violet botanical identity.

Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine or TMG, is a naturally occurring compound first identified in sugar beet. Its molecular structure carries three methyl groups, making it a deliberate companion to glycine within the formula’s Systems Equilibrium Axis.

Bifidobacterium lactis belongs to the bifidobacteria, a group of bacterial species widely used in modern live culture formulations. Its inclusion brings a distinctly bifidobacterial element to the wider 10-billion-CFU culture profile.

Bilberry, or Vaccinium myrtillus, is a close European relative of the blueberry, distinguished by its intensely dark skin and richly coloured flesh. Its striking violet-black appearance reflects a particularly concentrated and diverse anthocyanin profile.

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin involved in energy and macronutrient metabolism¹, nervous system function³ and skin health¹¹. Supplied at microgram scale, it is one of 4VIA’s precisely dosed essential micronutrients.

With its intense violet-burgundy character, black carrot is one of nature’s most striking dark-pigmented roots. Its signature comes from a distinctive profile of anthocyanins — deeply coloured plant polyphenols central to its botanical identity.

Black pepper comes from the dried berries of Piper nigrum, one of the world’s most historically valued spices. Its characteristic warmth and pungency are shaped by piperine, the signature alkaloid captured within this concentrated extract.

Black seed, or Nigella sativa, has a long traditional history spanning Middle Eastern and South Asian botanical practice. Its modern extract identity is defined by thymoquinone, the characteristic compound to which this extract is standardised at 5%.

Blueberries belong to the Vaccinium genus and are recognised for their blue-purple skins. Their botanical signature is defined by anthocyanins, alongside a broader polyphenol profile that gives the berry its distinctive colour and complexity.

Boron is a naturally occurring trace element found in foods such as apples, dried beans, potatoes and coffee, with levels shaped by the soil in which crops are grown. 4VIA uses a boron amino complex, bringing a measured 2 mg inclusion into its wider mineral profile.

Broccoli belongs to the brassica family and is recognised for its compact green florets and distinctive sulphur-containing botanical compounds. Its characteristic profile includes glucosinolates such as glucoraphanin, the precursor associated with sulforaphane formation.

Burdock root comes from Arctium lappa, a robust plant recognised by the hooked burrs that inspired the invention of Velcro. Its long underground root contains naturally occurring inulin alongside characteristic phenolic and lignan compounds.

Calcium is widely associated with dairy foods, leafy greens and fish eaten with their soft bones. Beyond its familiar role in healthy bones¹⁰, it is also involved in digestive enzyme function⁶ and neurotransmission³. 4VIA combines calcium citrate with tricalcium phosphate in a considered dual-form profile.

Chamomile comes from the delicate daisy-like flowers of Matricaria chamomilla, long recognised in traditional evening herbal rituals. This extract is standardised around its characteristic apigenin content, one of the defining flavonoid compounds associated with chamomile’s botanical identity.

Chlorella is a freshwater microalga recognised by its deep green appearance and dense chlorophyll identity. Its compact single-celled form gives it a distinctly concentrated botanical profile, alongside naturally occurring carotenoids and other green plant compounds.

Choline is an essential nutrient with an important role in liver health⁷ and a structural connection to phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine. The body can make a small amount of choline in the liver, but most is obtained through foods such as eggs, fish, potatoes, broccoli and whole grains. 4VIA uses choline citrate — a clearly defined form within the formula’s cellular nutrition framework.

Chromium is a trace element naturally present in small amounts across a variety of foods. It plays a role in macronutrient metabolism¹ and healthy blood glucose levels⁸. 4VIA uses chromium picolinate — a precisely defined form delivered at microgram scale.

Cinnamon is harvested from the inner bark of Cinnamomum trees, curling naturally as it dries. Its warm aromatic signature is associated with cinnamaldehyde, while the bark also contains a distinctive spectrum of polyphenolic compounds.

Citric acid is an organic acid naturally present in citrus fruits and closely associated with their bright, sharp character. Within 4VIA, it helps build the acid balance behind the berry and pineapple flavour profile, giving the drink a cleaner, fresher finish.

Citrus bioflavonoids are naturally occurring plant compounds found within the peel and membranes of citrus fruits. This family includes characteristic flavanones such as hesperidin and naringin, giving citrus its distinctive polyphenol signature.

Cocoa begins within the fruit pods of Theobroma cacao — a name meaning “food of the gods.” Beyond its unmistakable depth and aroma, cocoa is characterised by flavanols including epicatechin and catechin, alongside naturally occurring procyanidins.

Copper is an essential trace mineral with a role in protecting cells from oxidative stressᴿ³. Rest Phase™ uses copper bisglycinate — a chelated form supplied in a low, measured amount as part of the night formula’s phased mineral architecture.

Copper is a trace mineral naturally found in foods such as shellfish, seeds, nuts and cocoa. It is involved in energy metabolism¹, natural skin and hair pigmentation¹¹, and cell protection¹². 4VIA uses copper citrate — a precisely measured citrate form supplied at 1 mg per serving.

Coenzyme Q10 is a naturally occurring quinone found within the body’s cellular energy machinery. 4VIA uses ubiquinone — the classic oxidised form of CoQ10 — as a precisely measured 50 mg component of its cellular bioactive profile.

Cordyceps refers to a remarkable group of fungi with an unusual natural history in high-altitude Asian ecosystems. Modern cordyceps extracts are closely associated with characteristic compounds including cordycepin and fungal polysaccharides.

Dandelion root comes from Taraxacum officinale, a plant whose familiar yellow flower conceals a deep, resilient root system. Traditionally used in herbal preparations, the root is characterised by compounds including inulin and naturally occurring phenolic constituents.

Liquorice root comes from Glycyrrhiza glabra, a botanical known for its naturally sweet character and complex flavonoid profile. DGL refers to deglycyrrhizinated liquorice, where the glycyrrhizin component has been substantially removed to create a more specialised ingredient form.

Fenugreek, or Trigonella foenum-graecum, is an aromatic seed traditionally used across Middle Eastern, Indian and North African botanical practice. Its seeds are characterised by steroidal saponins, galactomannan fibres and the distinctive aromatic compound sotolon.

The fig is not a typical fruit but an inverted flower structure, filled with hundreds of tiny internal blossoms. Revered since antiquity, its dense, softly seeded interior gives it a distinctive natural fibre and polyphenol character.

Folate is an essential B vitamin involved in reducing tiredness and fatigue¹, immune function², psychological function³ and homocysteine metabolism⁴. 4VIA uses calcium L-methylfolate — a methylated folate form selected in place of conventional folic acid.

Ginger is the aromatic rhizome of Zingiber officinale, used across traditional botanical systems for centuries. Its unmistakable pungency comes from characteristic compounds including gingerols, which may transform into shogaols through drying and processing.

Glycine is the smallest and simplest amino acid, defined by a single hydrogen side chain. Its compact structure gives it a distinctive role within advanced formulation design, where it is paired with betaine around the formula’s NR-containing architecture.

Goji berries, from Lycium barbarum, have been used in traditional botanical preparations for centuries. Their striking red-orange colour is closely associated with carotenoids, particularly zeaxanthin, alongside the characteristic polysaccharide profile of the fruit.

Grape seeds are a compact source of polyphenolic compounds, particularly oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Extracted from the small seeds within the grape, they bring a distinctly concentrated polyphenol profile to the formula’s botanical bioactive layer.

Guarana comes from the seeds of Paullinia cupana, a climbing plant native to the Amazon basin. Traditionally prepared by Indigenous communities, its seeds are notable for their naturally occurring caffeine and polyphenols, including catechins and tannins.

Hawthorn berries grow on Crataegus trees, whose flowering branches and red fruits have a long traditional botanical history. Their characteristic chemistry includes flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins, compounds closely associated with the plant’s identity.

Hops, or Humulus lupulus, are best known for the cone-like female flower structures known as strobiles. Their botanical profile includes bitter resins and prenylated flavonoids, making hops a distinctive and highly recognisable plant within specialised herbal formulation.

Inulin is a soluble fructan fibre naturally stored by plants as an energy reserve. Sourced here from agave, its structure is built from linked fructose units, creating one of the most recognised fermentable fibre compounds in modern nutrition.

Iodine is naturally present in seaweed, fish, dairy foods and iodised salt. It plays key roles in cognition³, thyroid function⁸ and healthy skin¹¹. 4VIA uses potassium iodide — a clean, precisely defined iodine source within its micronutrient architecture.

Kale belongs to the brassica family, alongside broccoli and cabbage, but is distinguished by its densely textured dark-green leaves. Its botanical profile includes carotenoids such as lutein and beta-carotene, together with characteristic brassica glucosinolates.

Kiwi fruit is immediately recognisable by its vivid green interior and ring of tiny black seeds. Its fresh botanical character is shaped by naturally occurring vitamin C, polyphenols and the enzyme actinidin, a signature feature of the fruit.

L-Glutamine is one of the body’s most abundant naturally occurring amino acids. Its structure contains two nitrogen groups, giving it a distinctive molecular identity within amino-acid nutrition and the formula’s broader recovery foundation.

L-Isoleucine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids, defined by its distinct structural arrangement despite sharing the same molecular formula as leucine. It completes the BCAA profile alongside L-leucine and L-valine.

L-Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained through the diet. Recognised by its branched molecular structure, it forms the leading component of the classic BCAA 2:1:1 ratio alongside L-isoleucine and L-valine.

L-Proline is unusual among amino acids because its side chain loops back onto its nitrogen atom, creating a rigid ring structure. This distinctive shape makes proline a fundamental structural amino acid within collagen proteins.

Taurine is a naturally occurring sulphur-containing compound found throughout the body and in foods such as seafood and meat. Unlike protein-building amino acids, it exists freely in tissues, giving it a distinct identity within advanced formulation science.

L-Theanine is an amino acid naturally found in the leaves of Camellia sinensis, the plant from which tea is made. Its close association with tea chemistry gives it a uniquely recognisable place within modern nootropic formulation.

L-Valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid and one of the three molecules that define a BCAA complex. Together with L-leucine and L-isoleucine, it creates the formula’s classic 2:1:1 amino-acid structure.

Formerly classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus reflects the updated scientific taxonomy of this well-known lactic-acid bacterial species. Its presence adds further diversity to the formula’s five-species live culture blend.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most recognisable members of the lactobacillus family. Its name translates as “acid-loving,” reflecting the characteristic environment associated with this established species in live culture formulation.

Lavender, or Lavandula angustifolia, is one of the world’s most recognisable aromatic botanicals. Its flowers are defined by a complex essential-oil profile, including linalool and linalyl acetate, which give lavender its unmistakable scent.

Lemon balm, or Melissa officinalis, is a softly aromatic member of the mint family recognised by its fresh citrus-herbal scent. Used for centuries in traditional botanical preparations, its leaf chemistry includes compounds such as rosmarinic acid and characteristic volatile oils.

Linden flower comes from the fragrant blossoms of Tilia trees, long used in traditional European botanical preparations. Its floral identity is shaped by naturally occurring flavonoids, mucilage compounds and a delicate aromatic character.

Lion’s Mane, or Hericium erinaceus, is instantly recognisable by its flowing white spines, resembling a mane or coral structure. Its distinctive mushroom chemistry includes compounds known as hericenones and erinacines.

Lipase is the enzyme associated with the digestion of dietary fats, breaking triglycerides down into smaller lipid components. Its activity is measured in FIP units, an internationally recognised standard for lipase activity.

Maca, or Lepidium meyenii, is a resilient root cultivated high in the Peruvian Andes, where few food crops naturally thrive. Used here as a concentrated 10:1 extract, its distinctive botanical profile is associated with compounds including macamides and macaenes.

Magnesium occurs naturally in foods such as leafy greens, legumes, nuts, seeds and whole grains. It plays a key role in energy metabolism¹, electrolyte balance¹, muscle function⁹ and the nervous system³. 4VIA uses magnesium bisglycinate — a premium chelated form where magnesium is bound to glycine.

Malic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid closely associated with apples and other tart fruits. Its name is derived from the Latin word for apple, malum. Within 4VIA, it adds a rounded, lingering tartness that helps shape the formula’s balanced berry-tonic flavour.

Manganese is naturally found in foods such as whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables and tea. It is involved in energy metabolism¹, connective tissue formation¹⁰ and cell protection¹². 4VIA uses manganese citrate — a defined citrate form within its measured mineral profile.

Marshmallow root comes from Althaea officinalis, a plant traditionally associated with soft, mucilaginous preparations. Its root is notable for naturally occurring polysaccharide mucilage, giving the ingredient its characteristic smooth botanical texture.

DHA originates in the marine food chain with microalgae, rather than fish. 4VIA uses microalgal oil powder from Schizochytrium containing 20% DHA omega-3 — a direct, algae-derived source of this distinctive long-chain lipid.

Milk thistle, or Silybum marianum, is recognised by its striking purple flowers and white-marbled leaves. Its seeds contain the characteristic flavonolignan complex known as silymarin, with silybin regarded as one of its principal compounds.

Legumes are among the richest natural sources of molybdenum, with smaller amounts found across whole grains, nuts and beef liver. Required only in microgram quantities, 4VIA supplies molybdenum as an amino acid chelate within its complete trace-mineral profile.

Moringa, or Moringa oleifera, is a fast-growing tropical tree whose leaves have a long traditional heritage. Its leaf chemistry is notably diverse, including flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, alongside characteristic glucosinolate-derived compounds.

MSM, or methylsulfonylmethane, is a small sulphur-containing compound with a clean and precisely defined molecular structure. Its substantial 1,000 mg inclusion makes it one of the formula’s most prominent structural and recovery-focused ingredients.

Myo-inositol is a naturally occurring compound found in the body and across foods such as fruits, beans, grains and nuts. Often grouped alongside the B-vitamin family in everyday nutrition conversations, it is more accurately a carbocyclic compound with a distinctive place in modern neuroendocrine and cellular signalling formulations.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride, often known as NR, is a specialised vitamin B3-derived compound used as a precursor to NAD+. NAD+ is a fundamental cellular coenzyme central to energy-transfer and metabolic chemistry throughout the body.

Niacin is vitamin B3, an essential member of the B-vitamin family involved in energy metabolism¹, psychological function³ and skin health¹¹. 4VIA uses niacinamide — a clean, established vitamin B3 form selected for daily formulation.

The olive tree has been prized across Mediterranean cultures for millennia, while its leaves hold their own distinct chemistry. Olive leaf extract is closely associated with oleuropein, one of the defining polyphenolic compounds of the olive leaf.

Pantothenic acid takes its name from the Greek word pantothen, meaning “from everywhere,” reflecting its widespread presence in nature. Known as vitamin B5, it plays key roles in energy metabolism¹, reducing tiredness and fatigue¹, and mental performance³.

Papaya, or Carica papaya, is a soft-fleshed tropical fruit whose colour moves from golden orange to coral-red as it ripens. It is also the natural source of papain — a proteolytic enzyme measured here in Tyrosine Units.

PHGG begins with guar gum, a fibre derived from the seed of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Through controlled hydrolysis, its long fibre chains are reduced into a highly dispersible soluble fibre with a clean, modern formulation profile.

Passionflower, or Passiflora incarnata, is recognised by its unusually intricate flowers and climbing vine structure. This extract is drawn from the aerial parts of the plant and standardised around its flavonoid profile, a key feature of its botanical composition.

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid — a structural lipid built from fatty acids, phosphate and the amino acid serine. Naturally found within cellular membranes, it brings a precise lipid-science dimension to the formula’s brain and nootropic profile.

Pineapple, or Ananas comosus, is formed from a cluster of fused berries and is one of the botanical world’s most recognisable tropical fruits. It is also the natural source of bromelain — a proteolytic enzyme complex measured here in Gelatin Digesting Units.

Pomegranate is an ancient fruit filled with ruby-red arils beneath a leathery outer rind. Its highly distinctive botanical chemistry includes ellagitannins such as punicalagins, alongside anthocyanins and other polyphenolic compounds.

Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte, naturally found across fruits, vegetables, pulses and potatoes. It plays a central role in muscle function⁹ and healthy blood pressure⁴. 4VIA uses potassium citrate — a defined citrate form forming part of the formula’s electrolyte foundation.

PQQ, or pyrroloquinoline quinone, is a specialised bioactive produced for advanced formulations and used here in its disodium salt form. Its molecular identity is defined by redox-active chemistry, giving it a distinctive place within modern cellular formulation science.

Protease is the broad name for enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino-acid components during digestion. Its activity is measured in HUT — a recognised unit expressing proteolytic activity against a protein substrate.

Purple sweet potato is distinguished by its vivid purple flesh and distinctive anthocyanin profile. Unlike ordinary sweet potato varieties, its colour runs through the root itself, reflecting a naturally complex spectrum of deeply pigmented plant polyphenols.

Quercetin is a flavonoid naturally present across plants such as apples, onions, berries and capers. Rather than a broad botanical extract, it is a defined plant molecule with a recognisable place in contemporary polyphenol formulation.

Reishi, or Ganoderma lucidum, is recognised by its polished, lacquer-like surface and long traditional heritage in East Asian botanical practice. Its distinctive fungal profile includes polysaccharides alongside characteristic ganoderic-acid triterpenes.

Magnesium occurs naturally in foods such as leafy greens, legumes, nuts, seeds and whole grains. It plays a key role in reducing tiredness and fatigueᴿ¹ and the nervous systemᴿ². Rest Phase™ uses magnesium bisglycinate — a chelated form where magnesium is bound to glycine, selected for a refined evening mineral profile.

Rhodiola rosea, often called golden root, is a resilient botanical native to cold mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. Its root extract is distinguished by characteristic compounds including rosavins and salidroside.

Riboflavin takes its name from its naturally yellow character and is one of the most visually distinctive B vitamins. Known as vitamin B2, it is involved in energy metabolism¹, nervous system function³ and protection from oxidative stress¹².

Rosehips are the small red-orange fruits that develop after the rose flower fades. Their distinctive botanical character includes natural vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenols, making them far more than the ornamental plant’s final flourish.

Rosemary is an evergreen Mediterranean herb instantly recognised by its resinous aroma and needle-like leaves. Beyond its aromatic oils, its botanical identity includes compounds such as rosmarinic acid and the diterpene carnosic acid.

Crocin is the naturally occurring carotenoid associated with saffron’s unmistakable golden-crimson colour. Derived from the hand-harvested stigmas of Crocus sativus, saffron is often described as the world’s most precious spice, with thousands of flowers required for a small harvest.

Safranal is the volatile aromatic compound associated with saffron’s unmistakable warm scent. Derived from the delicate stigmas of Crocus sativus, saffron remains one of the world’s most precious botanical materials, shaped by hand harvesting and careful drying.

Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus are brown seaweeds native to cold Atlantic coastlines. Their marine botanical character is shaped by compounds such as alginates, fucoidans and phlorotannins, giving the blend a distinctive ocean-derived polyphenol profile.

Selenium occurs naturally in foods including seafood, meat, eggs and Brazil nuts, whose levels vary according to soil selenium content. It plays key roles in immunity², thyroid function⁸, healthy hair and nails¹¹, and cell protection¹². 4VIA uses selenomethionine — an organic selenium form built around methionine.

Shiitake, or Lentinula edodes, has been cultivated in East Asia for centuries and remains one of the world’s most recognised edible mushrooms. Its fungal composition includes characteristic polysaccharides, including the beta-glucan lentinan.

Shilajit is a dark, resinous material formed over time within high-altitude rock formations, particularly in mountainous regions of Asia. Its complex identity includes humic substances, including fulvic fractions, alongside naturally occurring mineral constituents.

Slippery elm is derived from the inner bark of Ulmus rubra, a North American tree with a long traditional botanical history. When mixed with water, its naturally occurring mucilage creates a distinctive smooth, gel-like texture.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found within the skin, connective tissue and synovial fluid. Its exceptional water-binding character gives it a distinctive place within both structural and beauty-focused formulation.

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found within human biology and a range of foods. 4VIA uses a spermidine-rich wheat germ extract, standardised to deliver a precisely defined 5 mg serving of spermidine.

Spinach is one of the most recognisable dark-green leafy plants, with a naturally concentrated leaf pigment profile. Its deep colour reflects chlorophyll alongside carotenoids including lutein and beta-carotene, captured here in powder form.

Spirulina is a microscopic blue-green organism whose remarkable colour is shaped by phycocyanin, its signature blue pigment-protein complex. Long cultivated as a concentrated botanical ingredient, it brings one of the formula’s most visually distinctive natural compounds.

Lecithin is not a single substance, but a family of naturally occurring phospholipids — structural fats also found within human cell membranes. 4VIA uses sunflower lecithin to help evenly disperse lipid-soluble ingredients within the powder. Its name comes from the Greek word lekithos, meaning egg yolk, where lecithin was first identified.

Thiamin holds a special place in nutritional science: its discovery helped establish the modern concept of vitamins. Known as vitamin B1, it plays key roles in energy metabolism¹, the nervous system³ and heart function⁴.

Resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol found in a small number of botanical sources. 4VIA uses the trans-resveratrol form derived from Japanese knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum, one of the most established botanical sources of this distinctive molecule.

Turmeric comes from the golden rhizome of Curcuma longa, whose vivid colour is shaped by curcuminoids. 4VIA uses a concentrated extract standardised to 95% curcuminoids, giving this ancient botanical a clearly defined modern specification.

Vanilla begins as the fruit of an orchid, with each pod carefully cured to develop its warm and complex aromatic character. Its signature is led by vanillin alongside a wider spectrum of natural aromatic compounds, bringing a softer finish to the 4VIA berry-tonic flavour profile.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential vitamin with key roles in immune function², skin health¹¹ and the maintenance of mucous membranes⁶. 4VIA uses retinyl palmitate — a precisely defined, preformed source of vitamin A.

Vitamin B12 plays key roles in energy metabolism¹, immune function², the nervous system³ and homocysteine metabolism⁴. 4VIA combines methylcobalamin with hydroxocobalamin, creating a considered dual-form B12 profile rather than relying on a single cobalamin alone.

Vitamin B6 plays a broad role across energy metabolism¹, immune function², the nervous system³ and hormonal activity⁵. 4VIA uses pyridoxal-5′-phosphate, commonly known as P-5-P — the phosphorylated coenzyme form of vitamin B6.

Vitamin C is an essential vitamin with wide-reaching roles across daily health, including energy metabolism¹, immune function², collagen formation for healthy skin¹¹ and protection from oxidative stress¹². 4VIA uses L-ascorbic acid — the pure, defined molecular form of vitamin C.

Vitamin D is best known as the vitamin formed through the skin’s response to sunlight. It plays an important role in immune function², muscle function⁹ and bone health¹⁰. 4VIA uses cholecalciferol — the D3 form of vitamin D.

Vitamin E belongs to a wider family of naturally related tocopherols. It plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative stress¹². 4VIA uses mixed tocopherols, bringing a broader tocopherol profile rather than relying on a single isolated vitamin E form.

Vitamin K is an essential fat-soluble vitamin with an important role in bone health¹⁰. 4VIA uses menaquinone-7, or MK-7 — a long-chain form of vitamin K2 selected for its precise and premium nutrient identity.

Wheatgrass is the young leaf of the wheat plant, collected before the grain develops. Its vivid green character reflects its chlorophyll-containing leaf matrix, making it a classic young-grass ingredient within modern greens formulations.

Zinc is an essential trace mineral with key roles in cognitionᴿ² and cell divisionᴿ³. Rest Phase™ uses zinc bisglycinate — a chelated form where zinc is bound to glycine, selected for the formula’s precise evening mineral profile.

Zinc is naturally found in foods including meat, seafood, eggs, dairy, beans, nuts and whole grains, with oysters containing particularly high amounts. It plays key roles in immunity², cognition³, healthy skin, hair and nails¹¹, and cell protection¹². 4VIA uses zinc citrate — a defined citrate form.